How many states have surprise billing laws?

Asked by: June Cole  |  Last update: January 17, 2026
Score: 4.9/5 (32 votes)

Yes. Many states established their own protections against surprise medical billing before the No Surprises Act was enacted. As of February 5, 2021, 33 states had enacted legislation providing some protection for consumers from surprise bills.

How many states have balance billing laws?

The federal law builds on state laws enacted in 33 states extending protections to consumers in self-funded plans that states cannot regulate and extending protections for air-ambulance services, where federal law restricted states' ability to act.

What is the US surprise billing law?

The federal No Surprises Act became effective Jan. 1, 2022. The law aims to help patients understand health care costs in advance of care and to minimize unforeseen — or surprise — medical bills.

How common is surprise billing?

The report showed that surprise billing is common among those with private insurance—nearly one in five patients who go to the emergency room, have an elective surgery, or give birth in a hospital receive surprise bills, with average costs ranging from $750 to $2,600 per episode.

What are the exceptions to the No Surprises Act?

The No Surprises Act Protections Do Not Apply:

Medicaid (including Medicaid managed care plans). Indian Health Service. Veterans Affairs Health Care. The insurance programs that make up TRICARE.

Surprise Billing Legislation - Overview and Responses.

27 related questions found

Can a hospital send a bill 2 years later?

Providers typically have between 6 months and 1 year (depending on state law) to bill services to your health plan. If they miss this window, the insurer will not pay.

What providers does the No Surprises Act apply to?

The NSA protects most emergency services, including services received in hospital emergency departments, freestanding emergency departments and urgent care clinics that are licensed to provide emergency services. In addition, the law applies to air ambulance transport but not ground ambulance services.

Does Medicare protect against surprise billing?

This is called “balance billing.” An unexpected balance bill from an out-of-network provider is also called a surprise medical bill. People with Medicare and Medicaid already enjoy these protections and are not at risk for surprise billing.

How to negotiate a surprise medical bill?

Here are a few tips to help you decipher your bill.
  1. Request an itemized bill. ...
  2. Double-check your medical codes. ...
  3. Compare prices. ...
  4. Offer to pay upfront. ...
  5. Try a payment plan. ...
  6. Negotiate based on comparable rates.

When did the No Surprise Billing Act go into effect?

The No Surprises Act established several new consumer protections against surprise medical billing (when “balance billing” occurs in certain circumstances) and other unexpected medical costs. The No Surprises Act was enacted in December 2020 and generally went into effect January 1, 2022.

What is the No Surprise Billing Act 2024?

December 12, 2024 – The No Surprises Act, a law that ended the practice of “balance billing” by certain out-of-network providers, was enacted as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 on December 27, 2020.

Can a doctor bill you 2 years later in Florida?

In Florida, they have 5 years to legally bill you for a medical debt that has been processed through insurance…. essentially, because you were notified of the maximum amount you owed by your insurance, it doesn't matter if they only charged you $30 to begin with….

Why is my Er bill so high?

Is this based on severity? Hospitals will bill you for a line item called “ER Visit Level” that is based on the complexity of your treatment. ER visit levels range from 1-5: ER visit level 1 is the most mild, while ER visit level 5 is the most severe.

What is the difference between balance billing and surprise billing?

In many cases, the out-of-network provider could bill consumers for the difference between the charges the provider billed, and the amount paid by the consumer's health plan. This is known as balance billing. An unexpected balance bill is called a surprise bill.

Why am I being charged more than my copay?

Non-Covered Services: Some medical services or prescription medications may not be covered by your insurance plan. If this is the case, you will be responsible for the full cost of the service or medication, which may exceed your copayment.

Does asking for an itemized bill from a hospital lower your bill?

A hospital's itemized bill is the key to understanding exactly which services went into your hospital's calculations, unlocking your ability to flag and negotiate inflated prices or flat-out errors.

How common are surprise medical bills?

Dr. Bernstein is correct that surprise medical bills are a problem. A 2019 study found that for one large insurer, 39% of visits to the emergency department (ED), and 37% of admissions at in-network hospitals resulted in an out-of-network bill [21].

Can a doctor bill you 2 years later in California?

CCP § 337 for almost all contracts: 4 years from the date of the bill. Notice the “open book” exception that extends the SOL to the last service rendered and §360 which extends it to the date of last payment.

Is it legal to self pay when you have insurance?

Now that you know that it is legal to self-pay when you have insurance, here are a few situations where it may make sense to directly pay for the medical procedure or service without filing a claim with your provider.

How to get out of paying medical bills?

5 Useful Tips to Help You Erase Medical Debt
  1. 1) Negotiate a Lower Amount or Set Up a Payment Plan.
  2. 2) Hire a Medical Bill Advocate.
  3. 3) Apply for Charity Care.
  4. 4) Try Crowdfunding.
  5. 5) Declaring Bankruptcy: The Last Card to Play.

Has the No Surprises Act been successful?

Patients were protected from more than 10 million surprise medical bills thanks to reforms in the No Surprises Act, according to a new survey.

How long can a doctor wait to bill you?

Medical providers and hospitals have varying time limits by state to send bills, often ranging from months to several years. You are required to pay medical bills, either directly or through insurance, but financial assistance or payment plans may be available.

What is the No Surprise billing act for dummies?

The No Surprise Act aims to limit the amount you pay out of pocket to a level closer to what you would pay if the healthcare provider were in-network. The Act defines this limit using a recognized market amount or qualifying figure (like the average fee for the service).

Why didn't my insurance cover my hospital bill?

Health insurers deny claims for a wide range of reasons. In some cases, the service simply isn't covered by the plan. In other cases, necessary prior authorization wasn't obtained, the provider wasn't in-network, or the claim was coded incorrectly.

What is the qualifying payment amount?

The qualifying payment amount (QPA) is the basis for determining individual cost sharing for items and services covered by the balance-billing protections in the No Surprises Act (NSA), under certain circumstances.