Why is my rate of return negative on my 401k?

Asked by: Morton Daniel  |  Last update: August 10, 2025
Score: 4.6/5 (55 votes)

The most common causes are investment losses and fees in your account. Most investments gain and lose value over time. It's normal to have a negative return over short periods, and ideally, your account will recover over the long term. Unfortunately, there's no guarantee that that will happen.

What does it mean when my rate of return is negative?

A negative return refers to a loss, either on an investment, a business's performance, or on invested projects. When an investor purchases securities with the goal of those securities appreciating but rather they decrease in value, the investor has a negative return.

What should my rate of return be on my 401k?

The average rate of return on 401(k)s is typically between 5% and 8%, depending on specific market conditions in a given year. Keep in mind that returns will vary depending on the individual investor's portfolio, and that those numbers are a general benchmark.

Why is my 401k losing money right now?

401(k) losses can happen for all kinds of reasons, from short-term market fluctuations to events like a recession. Market volatility is a normal part of investing. What matters most is staying invested and maintaining a diversified portfolio.

What does a negative return value mean?

As a result of an investment failure, a negative return happens when the total amount of money received over the investment horizon is less than the capital invested, which hurts investors' net wealth.

How Is a 401(k) Rate of Return Calculated?

31 related questions found

What is a negative rate of return in a 401k?

Key Takeaways

A negative rate of return is a loss of the principal invested for a specific period of time. The negative may turn into a positive in the next period, or the one after that. A negative rate of return is a paper loss unless the investment is cashed in.

Is a negative return on equity good?

In general, a higher ROE is better than a low or negative number. A higher ROE signals that a company efficiently uses its shareholder's equity to generate income. Low ROE means that the company earns relatively little compared to its shareholder's equity.

Should I panic if my 401k is losing money?

Bottom line. If your 401(k) is losing money, don't panic. But do get curious and see if you need to make some adjustments. Start by reevaluating your risk tolerance and asset allocation.

Why is my 401k return so low?

Stock market volatility and/or poor investment choices are two of the most common causes of 401(k) losses. Diversifying your portfolio, minimizing investment fees, and not panicking when the market is down can help you to regain lost ground over time.

Can you lose money in a 401k if the stock market crashes?

Protecting Your 401(k) From a Stock Market Crash

Any time you put your money in the stock market or other investments, you always run the risk of losses. While you can make largely educated decisions, things don't always go to plan.

How to increase rate of return on 401K?

Here are 10 ways of potentially optimizing your return:
  1. Save more than your employer's automatic savings rate.
  2. Get a 401(k) match.
  3. Stay until you are vested.
  4. Maximize your tax break.
  5. Diversify with a Roth 401(k).
  6. Don't cash out early.
  7. Rollover without fees.
  8. Minimize fees.

Does a 401K double every 7 years?

One of those tools is known as the Rule 72. For example, let's say you have saved $50,000 and your 401(k) holdings historically has a rate of return of 8%. 72 divided by 8 equals 9 years until your investment is estimated to double to $100,000.

How do I know if my 401K is doing well?

The best way to do that is by looking at the fund return performance in the investment pamphlet that you're given with your 401(k). The key here is not to look at the actual percentage return each fund has had. Instead, look at the time-period for those returns.

What is a good rate of return on a 401k?

Many retirement planners suggest the typical 401(k) portfolio generates an average annual return of 5% to 8% based on market conditions. But your 401(k) return depends on different factors like your contributions, investment selection and fees.

Why is my interest rate negative?

Negative interest rates are a monetary policy in which interest is paid from lenders to borrowers, rather than from borrowers to lenders. This atypical scenario plays out during deep recessions or periods of deflation when monetary efforts and market forces have already pushed interest rates close to or zero.

Is it good to have a negative ROI?

A negative ROI means that you have incurred a loss on the investment over the period of time included in the calculation. Because ROI is often expressed as a percentage, you can compare the ROI percentage to your company's desired percentage hurdle rate. Some business investments take time to reach a positive return.

Why is 401k rate of return negative?

The most common causes are investment losses and fees in your account. Most investments gain and lose value over time. It's normal to have a negative return over short periods, and ideally, your account will recover over the long term. Unfortunately, there's no guarantee that that will happen.

Why have I lost so much money in my 401k?

Stock market crashes can lead to 401(k) losses, but often, these are only short-term setbacks. As long as you've diversified your savings among many companies and sectors and you're not investing too aggressively for your risk tolerance, you will likely see your portfolio rebound in time. Patience is key here.

How aggressive should my 401k be at $50?

By age 35, aim to save one to one-and-a-half times your current salary for retirement. By age 50, that goal is three-and-a-half to six times your salary. By age 60, your retirement savings goal may be six to 11-times your salary. Ranges increase with age to account for a wide variety of incomes and situations.

Why is my 401k losing money in 2024?

Your 401(k) will make money or lose money based on the strength of the stocks and mutual funds in which you invest. Your balance is likely to drop when the market drops, depending on what funds you've chosen. Since investments are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.

How do I protect my 401k from a market crash?

It's better to own broadly diversified mutual funds or index funds that track a broad basket of stocks, such as the S&P 500. The fixed-income portion of your portfolio, which consists of bonds, money markets, CDs, and other cash equivalents, will act as a downside buffer against a steep stock market decline.

Why isn't my 401k growing?

If you are wondering, “Why is my 401k not growing?” there may be an easy answer. If your investments are considered more risk-averse and on the safe side, then you may be limiting how much and how quickly your 401k can grow over time. Many 401ks invest in the plan's default option, which is a target date fund.

What causes a negative return?

Negative returns to a factor states that when more and more units of variable factor are added along with the fixed factor in production, then after a certain level of output, the total product will reduce and the value of marginal product will become negative.

Is a negative rate of return bad?

A first concern with negative rates is their potential impact on bank profitability. Banks perform a key function by matching savings to useful projects that generate a high rate of return. In turn, they earn a spread, the difference between what they pay savers (depositors) and what they charge on the loans they make.

What causes low ROE?

What causes ROE to decrease? Lower ROE is caused by the company reporting less net income and/or increased shareholders' equity.